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CommitLineData
1da177e4
LT
1/*
2 * linux/kernel/panic.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 */
6
7/*
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
10 */
c95dbf27
IM
11#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12#include <linux/interrupt.h>
13#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
14#include <linux/notifier.h>
1da177e4 15#include <linux/module.h>
c95dbf27 16#include <linux/random.h>
1da177e4 17#include <linux/reboot.h>
c95dbf27
IM
18#include <linux/delay.h>
19#include <linux/kexec.h>
20#include <linux/sched.h>
1da177e4 21#include <linux/sysrq.h>
c95dbf27 22#include <linux/init.h>
1da177e4 23#include <linux/nmi.h>
bd89bb29 24#include <linux/dmi.h>
1da177e4 25
1da177e4 26int panic_on_oops;
25ddbb18 27static unsigned long tainted_mask;
dd287796
AM
28static int pause_on_oops;
29static int pause_on_oops_flag;
30static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
1da177e4 31
dd287796 32int panic_timeout;
1da177e4 33
e041c683 34ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
1da177e4
LT
35
36EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
37
1da177e4
LT
38static long no_blink(long time)
39{
40 return 0;
41}
42
43/* Returns how long it waited in ms */
44long (*panic_blink)(long time);
45EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
46
47/**
48 * panic - halt the system
49 * @fmt: The text string to print
50 *
51 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
52 *
53 * This function never returns.
54 */
1da177e4
LT
55NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
56{
1da177e4
LT
57 static char buf[1024];
58 va_list args;
c95dbf27 59 long i;
1da177e4 60
dc009d92 61 /*
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IM
62 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
63 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
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EB
64 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
65 */
66 preempt_disable();
67
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LT
68 bust_spinlocks(1);
69 va_start(args, fmt);
70 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
71 va_end(args);
72 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
5cb27301
IM
73#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
74 dump_stack();
75#endif
1da177e4 76
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EB
77 /*
78 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
79 * everything else.
80 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
81 */
6e274d14 82 crash_kexec(NULL);
dc009d92 83
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EB
84 /*
85 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
86 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
87 * situation.
88 */
1da177e4 89 smp_send_stop();
1da177e4 90
e041c683 91 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
1da177e4 92
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AK
93 bust_spinlocks(0);
94
1da177e4
LT
95 if (!panic_blink)
96 panic_blink = no_blink;
97
dc009d92 98 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
1da177e4 99 /*
c95dbf27
IM
100 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
101 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
102 */
103 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
104
1da177e4
LT
105 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout*1000; ) {
106 touch_nmi_watchdog();
107 i += panic_blink(i);
108 mdelay(1);
109 i++;
110 }
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IM
111 /*
112 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
113 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
114 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
1da177e4 115 */
2f048ea8 116 emergency_restart();
1da177e4
LT
117 }
118#ifdef __sparc__
119 {
120 extern int stop_a_enabled;
a271c241 121 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
1da177e4 122 stop_a_enabled = 1;
a271c241 123 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
1da177e4
LT
124 }
125#endif
347a8dc3 126#if defined(CONFIG_S390)
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IM
127 {
128 unsigned long caller;
129
130 caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
131 disabled_wait(caller);
132 }
1da177e4
LT
133#endif
134 local_irq_enable();
c95dbf27 135 for (i = 0; ; ) {
c22db941 136 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
1da177e4
LT
137 i += panic_blink(i);
138 mdelay(1);
139 i++;
140 }
141}
142
143EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
144
c277e63f 145
25ddbb18 146struct tnt {
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IM
147 u8 bit;
148 char true;
149 char false;
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AK
150};
151
152static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
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IM
153 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
154 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
155 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
156 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
157 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
158 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
159 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
160 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
161 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
162 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
163 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
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AK
164};
165
1da177e4
LT
166/**
167 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
168 *
169 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
170 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
171 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
172 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
9aa5e993 173 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
1da177e4 174 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
34f5a398 175 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
a8005992 176 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
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NH
177 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
178 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
061b1bd3 179 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
1da177e4 180 *
fe002a41 181 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
1da177e4 182 */
1da177e4
LT
183const char *print_tainted(void)
184{
25ddbb18
AK
185 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
186
187 if (tainted_mask) {
188 char *s;
189 int i;
190
191 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
192 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
193 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
194 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
195 t->true : t->false;
196 }
197 *s = 0;
198 } else
1da177e4 199 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
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IM
200
201 return buf;
1da177e4
LT
202}
203
25ddbb18 204int test_taint(unsigned flag)
1da177e4 205{
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AK
206 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
207}
208EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
209
210unsigned long get_taint(void)
211{
212 return tainted_mask;
1da177e4 213}
dd287796 214
1da177e4 215void add_taint(unsigned flag)
dd287796 216{
9eeba613
FW
217 /*
218 * Can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore.
219 * We don't call directly debug_locks_off() because the issue
220 * is not necessarily serious enough to set oops_in_progress to 1
574bbe78
FW
221 * Also we want to keep up lockdep for staging development and
222 * post-warning case.
9eeba613 223 */
574bbe78 224 if (flag != TAINT_CRAP && flag != TAINT_WARN && __debug_locks_off())
b48ccb09 225 printk(KERN_WARNING "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
9eeba613 226
25ddbb18 227 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
dd287796 228}
1da177e4 229EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
dd287796
AM
230
231static void spin_msec(int msecs)
232{
233 int i;
234
235 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
236 touch_nmi_watchdog();
237 mdelay(1);
238 }
239}
240
241/*
242 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
243 * implemented...
244 */
245static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
246{
247 unsigned long flags;
248 static int spin_counter;
249
250 if (!pause_on_oops)
251 return;
252
253 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
254 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
255 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
256 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
257 } else {
258 /* We need to stall this CPU */
259 if (!spin_counter) {
260 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
261 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
262 do {
263 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
264 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
265 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
266 } while (--spin_counter);
267 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
268 } else {
269 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
270 while (spin_counter) {
271 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
272 spin_msec(1);
273 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
274 }
275 }
276 }
277 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
278}
279
280/*
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IM
281 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
282 * This is a bit racy..
dd287796
AM
283 */
284int oops_may_print(void)
285{
286 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
287}
288
289/*
290 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
c95dbf27
IM
291 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
292 * time then let it proceed.
dd287796 293 *
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IM
294 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
295 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
296 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
297 * too.
dd287796 298 *
c95dbf27
IM
299 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
300 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
301 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
dd287796
AM
302 */
303void oops_enter(void)
304{
bdff7870 305 tracing_off();
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IM
306 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
307 debug_locks_off();
dd287796
AM
308 do_oops_enter_exit();
309}
310
2c3b20e9
AV
311/*
312 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
313 */
314static u64 oops_id;
315
316static int init_oops_id(void)
317{
318 if (!oops_id)
319 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
d6624f99
AV
320 else
321 oops_id++;
2c3b20e9
AV
322
323 return 0;
324}
325late_initcall(init_oops_id);
326
71c33911
AV
327static void print_oops_end_marker(void)
328{
329 init_oops_id();
330 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
331 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
332}
333
dd287796
AM
334/*
335 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
336 * everything.
337 */
338void oops_exit(void)
339{
340 do_oops_enter_exit();
71c33911 341 print_oops_end_marker();
dd287796 342}
3162f751 343
79b4cc5e 344#ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
0f6f49a8
LT
345struct slowpath_args {
346 const char *fmt;
a8f18b90 347 va_list args;
0f6f49a8 348};
bd89bb29 349
0f6f49a8
LT
350static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file, int line, void *caller, struct slowpath_args *args)
351{
352 const char *board;
a8f18b90
AV
353
354 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
0f6f49a8 355 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %pS()\n", file, line, caller);
bd89bb29
AV
356 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
357 if (board)
358 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
74853dba 359
0f6f49a8
LT
360 if (args)
361 vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
a8f18b90
AV
362
363 print_modules();
364 dump_stack();
365 print_oops_end_marker();
366 add_taint(TAINT_WARN);
367}
0f6f49a8
LT
368
369void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
370{
371 struct slowpath_args args;
372
373 args.fmt = fmt;
374 va_start(args.args, fmt);
375 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), &args);
376 va_end(args.args);
377}
57adc4d2
AK
378EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
379
380void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
381{
0f6f49a8 382 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), NULL);
57adc4d2
AK
383}
384EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
79b4cc5e
AV
385#endif
386
3162f751 387#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
54371a43 388
3162f751
AV
389/*
390 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
391 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
392 */
393void __stack_chk_fail(void)
394{
517a92c4
IM
395 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
396 __builtin_return_address(0));
3162f751
AV
397}
398EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
54371a43 399
3162f751 400#endif
f44dd164
RR
401
402core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
403core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);