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1da177e4
LT
1/*
2 * linux/kernel/panic.c
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 */
6
7/*
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
10 */
c95dbf27
IM
11#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12#include <linux/interrupt.h>
456b565c 13#include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
c95dbf27
IM
14#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15#include <linux/notifier.h>
1da177e4 16#include <linux/module.h>
c95dbf27 17#include <linux/random.h>
1da177e4 18#include <linux/reboot.h>
c95dbf27
IM
19#include <linux/delay.h>
20#include <linux/kexec.h>
21#include <linux/sched.h>
1da177e4 22#include <linux/sysrq.h>
c95dbf27 23#include <linux/init.h>
1da177e4 24#include <linux/nmi.h>
bd89bb29 25#include <linux/dmi.h>
1da177e4 26
1da177e4 27int panic_on_oops;
25ddbb18 28static unsigned long tainted_mask;
dd287796
AM
29static int pause_on_oops;
30static int pause_on_oops_flag;
31static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
1da177e4 32
dd287796 33int panic_timeout;
1da177e4 34
e041c683 35ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
1da177e4
LT
36
37EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
38
1da177e4
LT
39/* Returns how long it waited in ms */
40long (*panic_blink)(long time);
41EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
42
8aeee85a
AB
43static void panic_blink_one_second(void)
44{
45 static long i = 0, end;
46
47 if (panic_blink) {
48 end = i + MSEC_PER_SEC;
49
50 while (i < end) {
51 i += panic_blink(i);
52 mdelay(1);
53 i++;
54 }
55 } else {
56 /*
57 * When running under a hypervisor a small mdelay may get
58 * rounded up to the hypervisor timeslice. For example, with
59 * a 1ms in 10ms hypervisor timeslice we might inflate a
60 * mdelay(1) loop by 10x.
61 *
62 * If we have nothing to blink, spin on 1 second calls to
63 * mdelay to avoid this.
64 */
65 mdelay(MSEC_PER_SEC);
66 }
67}
68
1da177e4
LT
69/**
70 * panic - halt the system
71 * @fmt: The text string to print
72 *
73 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
74 *
75 * This function never returns.
76 */
1da177e4
LT
77NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
78{
1da177e4
LT
79 static char buf[1024];
80 va_list args;
c95dbf27 81 long i;
1da177e4 82
dc009d92 83 /*
c95dbf27
IM
84 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
85 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
dc009d92
EB
86 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
87 */
88 preempt_disable();
89
5b530fc1 90 console_verbose();
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LT
91 bust_spinlocks(1);
92 va_start(args, fmt);
93 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
94 va_end(args);
95 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
5cb27301
IM
96#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
97 dump_stack();
98#endif
1da177e4 99
dc009d92
EB
100 /*
101 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
102 * everything else.
103 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
104 */
6e274d14 105 crash_kexec(NULL);
dc009d92 106
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KM
107 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC);
108
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EB
109 /*
110 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
111 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
112 * situation.
113 */
1da177e4 114 smp_send_stop();
1da177e4 115
e041c683 116 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
1da177e4 117
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AK
118 bust_spinlocks(0);
119
dc009d92 120 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
1da177e4 121 /*
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IM
122 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
123 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
124 */
125 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout);
126
8aeee85a 127 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout; i++) {
1da177e4 128 touch_nmi_watchdog();
8aeee85a 129 panic_blink_one_second();
1da177e4 130 }
c95dbf27
IM
131 /*
132 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
133 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
134 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
1da177e4 135 */
2f048ea8 136 emergency_restart();
1da177e4
LT
137 }
138#ifdef __sparc__
139 {
140 extern int stop_a_enabled;
a271c241 141 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
1da177e4 142 stop_a_enabled = 1;
a271c241 143 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
1da177e4
LT
144 }
145#endif
347a8dc3 146#if defined(CONFIG_S390)
c95dbf27
IM
147 {
148 unsigned long caller;
149
150 caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
151 disabled_wait(caller);
152 }
1da177e4
LT
153#endif
154 local_irq_enable();
8aeee85a 155 while (1) {
c22db941 156 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
8aeee85a 157 panic_blink_one_second();
1da177e4
LT
158 }
159}
160
161EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
162
c277e63f 163
25ddbb18 164struct tnt {
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IM
165 u8 bit;
166 char true;
167 char false;
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AK
168};
169
170static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
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IM
171 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
172 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
173 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
174 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
175 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
176 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
177 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
178 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
179 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
180 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
181 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
92946bc7 182 { TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND, 'I', ' ' },
25ddbb18
AK
183};
184
1da177e4
LT
185/**
186 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
187 *
188 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
189 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
190 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
191 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
9aa5e993 192 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
1da177e4 193 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
34f5a398 194 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
a8005992 195 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
95b570c9
NH
196 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
197 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
061b1bd3 198 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
92946bc7 199 * 'I' - Working around severe firmware bug.
1da177e4 200 *
fe002a41 201 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
1da177e4 202 */
1da177e4
LT
203const char *print_tainted(void)
204{
25ddbb18
AK
205 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
206
207 if (tainted_mask) {
208 char *s;
209 int i;
210
211 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
212 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
213 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
214 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
215 t->true : t->false;
216 }
217 *s = 0;
218 } else
1da177e4 219 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
c95dbf27
IM
220
221 return buf;
1da177e4
LT
222}
223
25ddbb18 224int test_taint(unsigned flag)
1da177e4 225{
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AK
226 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
227}
228EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
229
230unsigned long get_taint(void)
231{
232 return tainted_mask;
1da177e4 233}
dd287796 234
1da177e4 235void add_taint(unsigned flag)
dd287796 236{
9eeba613
FW
237 /*
238 * Can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore.
239 * We don't call directly debug_locks_off() because the issue
240 * is not necessarily serious enough to set oops_in_progress to 1
574bbe78
FW
241 * Also we want to keep up lockdep for staging development and
242 * post-warning case.
9eeba613 243 */
574bbe78 244 if (flag != TAINT_CRAP && flag != TAINT_WARN && __debug_locks_off())
b48ccb09 245 printk(KERN_WARNING "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
9eeba613 246
25ddbb18 247 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
dd287796 248}
1da177e4 249EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
dd287796
AM
250
251static void spin_msec(int msecs)
252{
253 int i;
254
255 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
256 touch_nmi_watchdog();
257 mdelay(1);
258 }
259}
260
261/*
262 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
263 * implemented...
264 */
265static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
266{
267 unsigned long flags;
268 static int spin_counter;
269
270 if (!pause_on_oops)
271 return;
272
273 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
274 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
275 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
276 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
277 } else {
278 /* We need to stall this CPU */
279 if (!spin_counter) {
280 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
281 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
282 do {
283 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
284 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
285 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
286 } while (--spin_counter);
287 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
288 } else {
289 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
290 while (spin_counter) {
291 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
292 spin_msec(1);
293 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
294 }
295 }
296 }
297 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
298}
299
300/*
c95dbf27
IM
301 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
302 * This is a bit racy..
dd287796
AM
303 */
304int oops_may_print(void)
305{
306 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
307}
308
309/*
310 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
c95dbf27
IM
311 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
312 * time then let it proceed.
dd287796 313 *
c95dbf27
IM
314 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
315 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
316 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
317 * too.
dd287796 318 *
c95dbf27
IM
319 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
320 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
321 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
dd287796
AM
322 */
323void oops_enter(void)
324{
bdff7870 325 tracing_off();
c95dbf27
IM
326 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
327 debug_locks_off();
dd287796
AM
328 do_oops_enter_exit();
329}
330
2c3b20e9
AV
331/*
332 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
333 */
334static u64 oops_id;
335
336static int init_oops_id(void)
337{
338 if (!oops_id)
339 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
d6624f99
AV
340 else
341 oops_id++;
2c3b20e9
AV
342
343 return 0;
344}
345late_initcall(init_oops_id);
346
71c33911
AV
347static void print_oops_end_marker(void)
348{
349 init_oops_id();
350 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
351 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
352}
353
dd287796
AM
354/*
355 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
356 * everything.
357 */
358void oops_exit(void)
359{
360 do_oops_enter_exit();
71c33911 361 print_oops_end_marker();
456b565c 362 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS);
dd287796 363}
3162f751 364
79b4cc5e 365#ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
0f6f49a8
LT
366struct slowpath_args {
367 const char *fmt;
a8f18b90 368 va_list args;
0f6f49a8 369};
bd89bb29 370
b2be0527
BH
371static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file, int line, void *caller,
372 unsigned taint, struct slowpath_args *args)
0f6f49a8
LT
373{
374 const char *board;
a8f18b90
AV
375
376 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
0f6f49a8 377 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %pS()\n", file, line, caller);
bd89bb29
AV
378 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
379 if (board)
380 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
74853dba 381
0f6f49a8
LT
382 if (args)
383 vprintk(args->fmt, args->args);
a8f18b90
AV
384
385 print_modules();
386 dump_stack();
387 print_oops_end_marker();
b2be0527 388 add_taint(taint);
a8f18b90 389}
0f6f49a8
LT
390
391void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
392{
393 struct slowpath_args args;
394
395 args.fmt = fmt;
396 va_start(args.args, fmt);
b2be0527
BH
397 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
398 TAINT_WARN, &args);
0f6f49a8
LT
399 va_end(args.args);
400}
57adc4d2
AK
401EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt);
402
b2be0527
BH
403void warn_slowpath_fmt_taint(const char *file, int line,
404 unsigned taint, const char *fmt, ...)
405{
406 struct slowpath_args args;
407
408 args.fmt = fmt;
409 va_start(args.args, fmt);
410 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
411 taint, &args);
412 va_end(args.args);
413}
414EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt_taint);
415
57adc4d2
AK
416void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file, int line)
417{
b2be0527
BH
418 warn_slowpath_common(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0),
419 TAINT_WARN, NULL);
57adc4d2
AK
420}
421EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null);
79b4cc5e
AV
422#endif
423
3162f751 424#ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
54371a43 425
3162f751
AV
426/*
427 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
428 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
429 */
430void __stack_chk_fail(void)
431{
517a92c4
IM
432 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
433 __builtin_return_address(0));
3162f751
AV
434}
435EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
54371a43 436
3162f751 437#endif
f44dd164
RR
438
439core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
440core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);